PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.